117 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... urine • 1ml blood ... → Diagnostic of ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... #Diagnosis #AKI ... #Sites #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Red blood ... Hematuria with active ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Drugs Glomerular ... albuminuria) - Active ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... inversely related to glomerular ... rate by tubulo-glomerular ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
- Differential Diagnosis ... INTRINSIC: - Glomerular ... (red blood cells ... eosinophils/white blood ... treating underlying cause
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential Diagnosis ... DM (visit 2), Diagnosis ... visits, Ambulatory blood ... Steroids (Cushing's, exogenous ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis