31 results
diagnosis differential algorithm hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis hyperkalemia low management urine treatment workup blood glomerulonephritis hematuria high kidney nephritis nephrotic testing
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
, renal, and post-renal ... Renal causes of ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... #Sites #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... #nephrology #potassium
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria • Signs of glomerular ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
cells - Normal • Renal ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Atheroemboli • Renal ... Atherosclerosis Glomerular ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Dl • Chronic Renal ... • Azotemia • Exogenous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diuretics after renal ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
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