915 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Succinylcholine) • Exogenous ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology ... EXOGENOUS PYROGEN ... components Exogenous ... , IFN, IL-6 ENDOGENOUS ... Fever #Fever #Pathophysiology
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Diagnosis Algorithm Exogenous ... ACTH-independent) Endogenous
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ... → Exogenous Pyrogen ... pro-inflammatroy mediators (Endogenous ... Pyrogen) → Endogenous ... Rigors #Bacteremia #Pathophysiology
Hypoglycemia - Evaluation Algorithm
Interpreting Hypoglycemia Labs - the patient must be hypoglycemic at the time of
Proinsulin - Is it endogenous ... → Exogenous Insulin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Phosphate Load: • Exogenous ... Fosphenytoin • Endogenous
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
suggests active endogenous ... not additional exogenous
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... #causes #low #potassium