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Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Diagnosis Increased extracellular ... glycosides • High
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
- Shift from extracellular ... fluid to intracellular ... - Insulin (high
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
Our Extracellular ... Our Intracellular ... we introduce a high ... The high CL- content
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
ATPase -> increase intracellular ... Na / extracellular ... K -> increase intracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Intra- to extracellular ... Differential #Diagnosis #High
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
ATPase pump and intracellular ... won't increase the intracellular ... for sodium and intracellular ... This increase of intracellular ... Hyperkalemia (high
Electrolyte Repletion

Significant electrolyte depletion can result in serious complications. These guidelines are meant to assist with
addition, the intracellular ... vs. extracellular
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Penicillin G Intracellular ... causes #potassium #high
Causes of hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Increased losses: enhanced urinary phosphate excretion
 • Decreased input:
endogenous production: intracellular
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
immature blasts and high ... cells releasing intracellular ... Spontaneous if high