20 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... ultrasound, Tests ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis Chloride ... villous adenomas • Renal ... syndromes • Primary ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Metabolic alkalosis ... Primary hyperaldo ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... hypercalcemia Vitamin D metabolic ... endocrinology #diagnosis ... #differential
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
and decreased metabolism ... Other (rare): - Reye ... syndrome (Peds) - Primary ... Hyperammonemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Hypertension - Differential ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... abuse/ withdrawal Anatomic ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... Secondary #Nephrology #Differential
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Primary and Secondary ... Red Flags and Differential ... Diagnosis Red ... Hypoglycemia Anatomy ... causes #primary