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algorithm hypokalemia alkalosis management metabolic adies comatose gitelman hyperkalemia k ophthalmology pathophysiology pupil syndrome treatment urinary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis ECF ... other • Severe potassium ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Adie's Pupil What? Unknown nature & benign • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm); • Light-near dissociaton;
Unknown nature & benign ... Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN ... Ill Palsy - abnormal ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
or low blood pressure ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Diagnosis: • ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #comatose ... #diagnosis
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