21 results
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... StressFractures #msk #orthopedics ... #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
different types of bone ... involucrum • Paget ... lytic-blastic phase • Paget ... blade of grass sign ... #Differential #
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay
Age <
different types of bone ... involucrum • Paget ... lytic-blastic phase • Paget ... blade of grass sign ... #Differential #
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... onto lateral hip Signs ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Fragility Fractures - Differential ... Tumours - See Bone ... Lesions Scheme Paget's ... Pathologic #MSK #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Orthopedics
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
tendon in the body ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
and underlying bone ... joint capsule or bone ... Dislocation #Diagnosis #signs ... symptoms #msk #orthopedics ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Thyrotoxicosis • Paget's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology