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diagnosis differential clinical nephrology management ultrasound cardiology urology echocardiogram syndrome endocrinology nephrotic renal urine abdominal aortic blood chronic glomerular hematology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
glomerulopathies • Causes ... : - RBC casts ... disease Renal Causes ... Mass Ureteral Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology if cause ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria Important Historical Elements: - Painless: suggests malignancy - Painful: suggests calculi/infection - Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Renal: - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... - Structural - Cysts ... Anticoagulation, Facititious hematuria ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... Injury (AKI) FE ... Necrosis (ATN) FE ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome == Nephrotic Syndrome == Onset - Insidious Edema - ++++ Blood
Proteinuria - ++++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Proteinuria - ++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts
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