19 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... Injury (AKI) FE ... Necrosis (ATN) FE ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... #Differential # ... Microscopy #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
of Hematuria - Differential ... cells on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... with polyangiitis/microscopic ... #Hematuria #Differential
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... KidneyInjury #Nephrology #Differential
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... urine sediment Microscopic ... urine sediment by microscopy ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #Hematuria #Differential
Uveitis - Definition, Causes and SUN Classification

Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina and/or choroid
Incidence
Causes and SUN Classification ... Incidence : 17-52 cases ... Prevalence : 38-204 cases ... #Causes #SUN #Classification ... #Differential #
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Proteinuria #Nephrology #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Light chain (LC) cast ... Cancer #Oncology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Classification
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria - Differential ... Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy ... cystitis #Dysuria #Differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... coagulopathy) • CBC w differential ... FINDINGS: • U/A: microscopic ... hematuria, RBC casts ... Renal #Syndromes #differential