223 results
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... dysfunction, ↑ Ferritin ... Cellular immune deficiency ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... 100 mg/m2) : in case
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis
Ferritin > 1000
Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
Causes of Hyperferritinemia ... > 1000 Ferritin ... Ferritin > 1000 ... HLH or Adult Onset ... In adults, HLH is
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Clinical Features: Fever, Splenomegaly, Hepatomegaly, Lymphadenopathy, Confusion
Classic lab findings in HLH: ↑↑ ferritin, Anemia,
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... lab findings in HLH ... : ↑↑ ferritin, Anemia ... consistent with HLH ... cell lines) • ↑ ferritin
Diagnostic Schema for Hyperferritinemia

Pearl: Diseases associated with extreme elevations: 
1. HLH 
2. Still's disease 
3. Systemic
HLH 2. ... histoplasmosis #Ferritin
Iron Panel Interpretation

Iron deficiency - ↓ Iron, ↑-nl Transferrin / TIBC, ↓ Transferrin Saturation,  ↓
Interpretation Iron deficiency ... Saturation, ↓ Ferritin ... Saturation, ↑-nl Ferritin ... Iron deficiency ... Interpretation #deficiency
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
Causes of Anemia ... RBC>13 • Iron Deficiency ... (Eg Causes: Chronic ... Malabsorption, Dietary Deficiency ... ) Ferritin normal
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... → Inflammation causes ... Diagnosis: Ferritin ... absolute ID) OR Ferritin ... endpoint of all-cause
Iron Deficiency Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Labs: Ferritin, iron, transferrin, TIBC, TSAT, sTfR

 • Blood loss:
Iron Deficiency ... Algorithm Labs: Ferritin ... Zinc excess or deficiency ... , Copper deficiency ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #ferritin
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 Deficiency ... • Folate Deficiency ... Alloimmune • anti-HLA ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Iron Deficiency ... Algorithm Diagnosis: Ferritin ... absolute ID) OR Ferritin ... Ill HF with iron deficiency ... HFrEF and iron deficiency