101 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Guillain-Barré syndrome ... : • Delayed finding ... stroke, Delayed finding ... Testing #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome ... Systemic disease - Fecal ... fat Increased fecal ... Chronic #Diarrhea #management ... workup #diagnosis #differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Virilization - Differential ... • Cushing's Syndrome ... Tumor Low Serum ... Hormone Binding ... #Virilization #Differential
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
seizure, coma, focal ... findings - ... Demyelination Syndrome ... Correction #goal #rate #management ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology