10 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... • Acute and chronic ... retinal nerve fiber ... #Hypertensive # ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Ocular Ultrasound Pocketcard
Painless Vision Loss
 • Retinal Detachment 
 • Posterior Vitreous Detachment 
 • Vitreous
Ocular Ultrasound ... Vision Loss • Retinal ... Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ... Pocus101 #Ocular #Ultrasound ... diagnosis #radiology #ophthalmology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... • Drugs • Chronic ... Family history, ultrasound ... • Diabetes • Hypertension ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
) • Type 2 - Chronic ... aspects • Type 4 - Chronic ... RCS: Hypertension ... induced myopathy, chronic ... Types #cardiology #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Metolazone) • Hypertension ... Triamterene • Hypertension ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Vision changes • Hypertensive ... by 24 hours or longer ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... /Hypertensive emergency ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
pathways occur at the retina ... activation of retina-driven ... without aura - Chronic ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #Neurology
Cotton Wool Spots- "In otherwise healthy patients, the observance of a cotton wool spot (CWS) is
in diabetic or hypertensive ... #wool #spots #retina ... #Ophthalmology ... #photo #hypertensive
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
vasodilation → ↓ renal ... perfusion + ↑ renal ... Pathophysiology: • Portal hypertension ... Normal kidney ultrasound ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
Patients with Chronic ... diagnosis: • Renal ... especially in the winter ... Uremia #Management #Nephrology