21 results
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
(Negative urine ... (Positive urine ... albuminuria) - Active urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... #Nephrology #Differential
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Normal/low Proteinuria ... cell casts - Absent ... pressure - Raised Proteinuria ... cell casts - Present ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... but in severe cases ... Massive proteinuria ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... Workup #urology #blood
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria and/or proteinuria ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteins, documenting proteinuria ... • Red blood cells ... • Urinary casts ... : • White blood ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
arbitrarily defined as urine ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cell/white cell casts ... because nephritic urine ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... - Proteinuria ... causes #urology #nephrology ... blood
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology