15 results
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
(Negative urine ... (Positive urine ... albuminuria) - Active urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... #Nephrology #Differential
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteins, documenting proteinuria ... • Clarity Dipstick ... • Urinary casts ... Urinalysis #crystals #dipstick ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... but in severe cases ... Massive proteinuria ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria and/or proteinuria ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
, 300 mg/24 hr urine ... ratio ≥ 0.3, or Urine ... Dipstick ≥2+) OR ... insufficiency (Cr ... htn #obstetrics #cardiology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
1ml blood/liter urine ... (Urinalysis or dipstick ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... - Proteinuria ... causes #urology #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Instructions - How to spin urine

1. Collect a fresh urine sample (5 – 10
Urine Microscopy ... - How to spin urine ... the better, as casts ... dipstick available ... Procedure #Urinalysis #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
overt glomerular proteinuria ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... cell/white cell casts ... because nephritic urine ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology