15 results
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of macrocytic anemia ... elevated, but anemia ... but undiagnosed, folate ... megaloblastic anemia ... #VitaminB12 #Folate
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Iron, B-12, or folate ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... • Hemolytic anemia ... • End-stage renal
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Poisoning • Anemia ... Marrow Failure • Anemia ... Renal Disease, Liver ... Deficiency • Folate
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
in pernicious anemia ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
formic acid) - Uremia ... Addison disease - Renal ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
Alteration of renal ... - Chronic CRS: Renal ... and VAD induced renal ... neuro-hormonal and uremia ... Types #cardiology #nephrology
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - Overview
Types of CRRT
 • CVVHD - Continuous Veno-Venous hemodialysis -
Continuous Renal ... refractory) U: uremia ... #Continuous #Renal ... #Indications #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
including laxative, enema ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... megaloblastic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
salicylates) R Renal ... failure (uremia ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology