66 results
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Fluids Shift potassium ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... lactulose (peaks 1- ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... 1) Na/K ATPase ... this pump, those sodium ... intracellular sodium ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Site of Action 1) ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
(Heparin) • Sodium-channel ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Workup Step #1 ... Hypernatremia #Management ... #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... water retention 1) ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... 1) Neurological ... event 2) Sodium ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Treatment: 1) ... binds cyanide - Sodium ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... Drugs Increased potassium ... type 2 • Type 1 ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Hyponatremia Differential ... Table • Step 1: ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Table #nephrology ... #sodium