21 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... syndrome, Other glomerulonephritis ... - Interstitial nephritis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #urology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... Algorithm • Confirm hematuria ... repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... Red blood cell - Glomerulonephritis ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... and signs • Glomerulonephritis ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #causes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
arbitrarily defined as urine ... urine sediment ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... Hematuria may be ... #syndrome #nephrology
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
CLINICAL • Nephritic ... syndrome (Casts ... proteinuria (may be nephrotic ... 15% macroscopic haematuria ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic ... suggestive of glomerulonephritis