17 results
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) - Interpretation Algorithm
 • Normal
 • Pulmonary Hypertension, Anemia, Carboxyhemoglobinemia
 • Chest
Interpretation Algorithm ... #Pulmonary #FunctionTests ... Interpretation #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... history (cardiac, liver ... #Hypovolemic #Euvolemic ... #Hypervolemic # ... #Differential #Algorithm
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia ... Differential Algorithm ... uric acid high in hypovolemic ... and hypervolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Hypervolemic ... Heart failure, liver
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... : • Hypovolemic ... : • Hypovolemic ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Liver Function Test ... specific for the liver ... SinaiBmoreIMRes #Liver ... #FunctionTest #
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic - Give ... volume Hypervolemic ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypovolemic, Serum ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia