27 results
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... disease Bite cells: G6PD ... #Peripheral #Blood ... Analysis #hematology #microscopy
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... surrounding white blood ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... heme-granular casts ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... #Differential #Microscopy
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Peripheral blood ... bodies, DAT (-) → G6PD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... urine sediment Microscopic ... urine sediment by microscopy ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #renal #urine #blood
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... the urine for microscopic ... presence of protein, blood ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Smear.
Key features suggesting Plasmodium falciparum:
- extreme parasitemia
- normocytic RBCs (vivax, ovale prefer big
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood ... human malaria cases ... P.f. but rare in blood ... Plasmodium #Falciparum #Blood ... peripheral #clinical #microscopy