13 results
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
ejection fraction; GDMT ... #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA ... #Algorithm #Management
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Epithelial Channels (K+ Sparing ... Antagonists, K+ Sparing ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Diarrhea, Third spacing ... #Causes #nephrology
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA ... #Algorithm
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
syndrome, Electrical injury ... Drugs (Statins), ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Loop diuretics for ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... diuretics • NSAIDs ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Bactrim, PCN G-K), K-sparing ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... only if no clear cause
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... diuretics • NSAIDs ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
sodium, which causes ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia ... AND a potassium-sparing ... diuretic, which ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology