18 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
system to circulate blood ... sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
system to circulate blood ... flare ups that cause ... #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... #causes #treatment
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
sodium, which causes ... increased blood ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia ... antagonist AND a potassium-sparing ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... Digoxin • K sparing ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... Digoxin • K sparing ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Bactrim, PCN G-K), K-sparing ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... only if no clear cause ... #Treatment #potassium