18 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
system to circulate blood ... sometimes advanced treatment ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
sodium, which causes ... increased blood ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia ... antagonist AND a potassium-sparing ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
system to circulate blood ... flare ups that cause ... #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... #Management #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
and Management ... Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #causes #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... Digoxin • K sparing ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... • Blood transfusion ... Digoxin • K sparing ... #causes #potassium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... only if no clear cause ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Treatment #potassium