341 results
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... parasthesias, gait ... Check for IF ab Treatment ... #diagnosis #management
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Management Diagnosis ... dysfunction (e.g. gait ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... #Diagnosis #Management
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Thiamine (B1) Deficiency ... Clinical Diagnosis ... dysfunction and gait ... #Thiamine #B1 #Deficiency ... #diagnosis #criteria
Diagnostic Algorithm for Treatment of Iron Deficiency in Patients With Heart Failure 

Consensus Recommendations 

#Iron #Deficiency
Diagnostic Algorithm ... for Treatment of ... Iron Deficiency ... #Management #Diagnosis ... #Indications #Treatment
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... endpoint of all-cause ... #management #cardiology
Algorithm for screening/diagnosis and treatment/follow‐up of iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure. Hb, haemoglobin;
for screening/diagnosis ... and treatment/follow‐up ... of iron deficiency ... #Management #Diagnosis ... #Indications #Treatment
Osteomalacia & Osteoporosis in People with HIV
Osteomalacia:
 - Decreased bone matrix mineralization. In people with HIV
wasting, vitamin D deficiency ... (from multiple causes ... weakness, waddling gait ... of underlying cause ... HIVAIDS #Comparison #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... underlying volume deficiency ... renal biopsy - Management ... treating underlying cause ... ultrasonography - Manaqement
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Pregnancy, EPO treatment ... cancer) #Iron #Deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nutrition
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... or enemas - Treatment ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes ... #diagnosis #differential