295 results
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... parasthesias, gait ... Check for IF ab Treatment
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
- Diagnosis and ... dysfunction (e.g. gait ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Thiamine (B1) Deficiency ... Clinical Diagnosis ... dysfunction and gait ... #Thiamine #B1 #Deficiency ... #diagnosis #criteria
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... endpoint of all-cause
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Tuberculosis: can cause ... include protein C deficiency ... Aldosterone Deficiency ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Labyrinthitis 
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss = Labyrinthitis 
1) Vertigo (severe) 
2) Gait instability 
3)
(severe) 2) Gait ... instability 3) Nausea ... hearing loss Clinical ... Labyrinthitis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Heart Failure - Diagnosis ... and Treatment Algorithm ... Diagnosis: Ferritin ... order to alleviate symptoms ... algorithm #cardiology #treatment
Osteomalacia & Osteoporosis in People with HIV
Osteomalacia:
 - Decreased bone matrix mineralization. In people with HIV
wasting, vitamin D deficiency ... (from multiple causes ... weakness, waddling gait ... of underlying cause ... HIVAIDS #Comparison #Diagnosis
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Trendelenburg Gait ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Pregnancy, EPO treatment ... cancer) #Iron #Deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nutrition