110 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes
 • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
Diagnosis and Causes ... diagnosis: Ischernic cause ... differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #cardiology #MRI
Hepatic Masses on MRI - Differential Diagnosis by MRI Findings

Masses: Hemangioma, Adenoma, FNH, HCC, Fibrolamellar HCC,
Hepatic Masses on ... MRI - Differential ... Diagnosis by MRI ... #MRI #differential ... liver #hepatology #radiology
Schematic examples of the cause of acute mitral regurgitation. 
LV, left ventricle; PM, papillary mucle; SAM,
examples of the cause ... Regurgitation #MR ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Differential #Cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... or increase in ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis
 1. Wall thickness 215 mm (TTE/CT/MRI) 
 2. Absence
215 mm (TTE/CT/MRI ... Absence of Secondary Cause ... testing, LGE on MRI ... Diagnosis #Management #Cardiology
T-Wave ECG changes in Hyperkalemia vs Hyperacute MI
 - Hyperkalemia: Increased height, without increase area
 -
vs Hyperacute MI ... height, without increase ... Hyperkalemia #Hyperacute #MI ... #clinical #cardiology
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... Descents, Rales,+S4, MR ... Echocardiography, Cardiac MRI ... Cardiomyopathy #Diagnosis #Causes ... #differential #cardiology