96 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Differential Diagnosis of Pleuritic Chest Pain:

Categorized by causes: Cardiac, Pulmonary, MSK, Drug/Toxins, Heme/Onc, Renal, Autoimmune

#Diagnosis #Pleuritic
Categorized by causes ... : Cardiac, Pulmonary ... , MSK, Drug/Toxins ... Pleuritic #ChestPain #Causes
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
in cardiac output ... Causes of "Left ... Shift" (Decreased ... glycocalyx damage -decreased ... oncotic pressure -decreased
POCUS Reference Measurements
 • Gallbladder
 • Urinary Bladder
 • GI Tract
 • Pregnancy
 • Optic Nerve
POCUS Reference ... Optic Nerve • MSK ... • Aorta • Cardiac ... sspillai01 #POCUS
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Digoxin is a cardiac ... Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Aldosterone blockers • Cardiac ... of injection Decreased ... inhibitor • Cardiac ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Falls in the Elderly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
- Intrinsic Factors - 
Presyncope / Syncope
Causes of Falls ... / Syncope • Cardiac ... • Non-Cardiac ... • Weakness • Decreased ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Approach to the Hypotensive Patient - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hypotension

Blood Pressure = Heart Rate x
Bradycardia (inadequate cardiac ... arrhythmia Decreased ... insufficiency (MC) Cardiac ... negative inotropes Decreased ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
Increase fresh ... pressure as a cause ... consider: o Cardiac ... Anaphylaxis → 3-1 o Cardiac ... Sepsis → 3-14 o Cardiac
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Warm Extremities
 - Distributive Shock - Low JVP
Shock - Normal/Decreased ... Pneumothorax • Cardiac ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes