76 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... or increase in ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Lumbar Spine X-Ray Anatomy and Interpretation Checklist
 - Pedicles
 - Vertebral heights and end plates
 -
- Ribs - Lung bases ... interpretation #radiology ... labeled #anatomy #msk
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes
MAGIC DR – a handy mnemonic used to remember the potential causes of a cerebral ring
the potential causes ... eg. tumefactive MS ... necrosis #Diagnosis #Radiology
Osgood-Schlatter Disease - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Infrapatellar fat-pad edema with loss of the patellar tendon
Osgood-Schlatter Disease - MSK ... Radiology Imaging ... Case description ... mri #clinical #Radiology ... #diagnosis #msk
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
cell and sodium increase ... This increase of ... intracellular calcium causes ... of the heart - Decreased ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Tumors #Tumours #MSK ... #Orthopedics #Causes ... #Oncology #Radiology