57 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... or increase in ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
ECMO circuit chatter - rhythmic pulsations in the drainage catheter/tubing leading to the pump
CHATTER occurs when
Untreated it can cause ... of CHATTER: - decrease ... reposition to increase ... chatter #clinical #video
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Magnetic Gait

Magnetic walking is an abnormality of walking marked by the inability to lift your feet
This results in a decrease ... mobility and an increase ... classic example that causes ... Walking #clinical #video
Kussmaul's sign - JVP

This patient has Kussmaul's sign, an increase in apparent JVP/CVP with inspiration. While
Kussmaul's sign, an increase ... #PhysicalExam #Video ... #Neck #Veins #Cardiology
Müller's sign is the pulsation or bobbing of the uvula that occurs during systole.  It
Müller's sign is caused ... uvula #clinical #video ... #PhysicalExam #Cardiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
cell and sodium increase ... This increase of ... intracellular calcium causes ... of the heart - Decreased ... Pathophysiology #cardiology