1314 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease ... #Diagnosis #DM2
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... Filling • Moderate Decrease ... echocardiogram #grades #diagnosis ... #cardiology #POCUS
R Wave Progression - normal chest lead ECG shows an rS-type complex in lead V1 with
with a steady increase ... left chest and a decrease ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Heart Murmur
 • Occurs during systole 
 • Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
 • Heard best
mitral areas • Increase ... dehydration) • Decrease ... Murmur #Cardiac #Cardiology ... #Diagnosis #HOCM
Auto-PEEP 
What is Auto-PEEP?
 • Progressive air trapping & dynamic hyperinflation → ↑Palv at end expiration
Decrease airway ... (Tflow rate = decrease ... I:E ratio, decrease ... RR) • Decrease ... PEEP #pulmonary #diagnosis
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) - Spectrum of Response
Non-response:
 • Histology: Persistent eosinophilia, ≥ 15 eos/hpf
 • Symptoms:
symptoms, <30% decrease ... findings, <30% decrease ... • Symptoms: Decreased ... symptoms, 30-90% decrease ... EoE #Response #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... and iron release Diagnosis ... #heartfailure #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
Factors (GF's) • Decrease ... Osteocytes • Increase ... Bone Resorption, Decreased ... signs #symptoms #diagnosis
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
- Differential Diagnosis ... Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... #physicalexam #diagnosis ... #cardiology #differential
Echocardiographic Findings of Acute Right Ventricular Strain
 - Increased RV:LV Size Ratio
 - Abnormal Septal Motion
Systolic Pressure - Decreased ... TAPSE - Decreased ... Speckle Tracking: Decreased ... Echocardiogram #POCUS #diagnosis ... #Ventricular #cardiology