25 results
Motor and Reflex Grading (0-5)

Motor Strength Grading

5	Normal

4	Reduced, moves against resistance

3	Moves against gravity

2	Moves only with elimination of
Motor and Reflex ... only 0 None Reflex ... 2 Normal 1 Decreased ... None #Motor #Reflex ... Grades #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup ... #urology #blood
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Diagnosis and Workup ... Basic labs for decreased ... liver disease, decrease ... (CVID, WAS), (neurologic ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
Acute Kidney Injury - RIFLE and AKIN Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of AKI
 • AKIN
Kidney Injury - RIFLE ... AKIN Stage 1 - Increase ... ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or increase ... #Injury #AKI #RIFLE ... Classification #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... hyperproteinemia DECREASED ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Decreased filling ... Algorithm #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Decreased Mg ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
disturbances - decreased ... posterior thigh - decreased ... bulbocavernosus reflex ... wink test - reflex ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin) reflects the average blood glucose concentration over the course of the RBC
shown by levels of HbA1c ... correlated with 35-76% decrease ... lower levels of HbA1c ... Women with HbA1c ... fructosamine test, reflect
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Excretion: • Decreased ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup