90 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... functional ID) Treatment ... endpoint of all-cause
An Approach to Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis

- Increased Production (Prehepatic)
- Decreased Clearance (Intrahepatic + Posthepatic)

Dr. Eric
Prehepatic) - Decreased ... #Differential #Table ... #Causes #Intrahepatic
Recommended Follow-up of Treated Syphilis Cases

EVIDENCE OF TREATMENT FAILURE OR POSSIBLE REINFECTION
• Persistence or recurrence of
Treated Syphilis Cases ... EVIDENCE OF TREATMENT ... iritiation of treatment ... nontreponemal titer to decrease ... nontreponemal titer to decrease
Fever vs Hyperthermia
Fever:
 • Regulated in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
 • "Set point" raised by prostaglandin
production • Treatment ... production and decrease ... rapidly fatal • Causes ... Identify underlying cause ... Cooling blankets can cause
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
provide the earliest clues ... repolarization causes ... to 6.5 mEq/L, decrease ... in conduction causes ... #Progression #Table
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... sometimes advanced treatment ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Hordeolum vs Chalazion

Hordeolum (Stye):
 • Location: Most commonly found at or near an eyelash follicle
 •
eyelash follicle • Cause ... , swelling • Treatment ... upper lid • Cause ... painless lump • Treatment ... Chalazion #Comparison #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... insufficient intake (Table ... in response to decreased ... rarely the sole cause ... #Differential #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Cardiogenic (Decreased ... exacerbation (any cause ... Classification #Table