18 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • liver failure ... syndrome • renal failure ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Urine Na < 20: Heart ... failure, Cirrhosis ... Na > 30: Renal failure ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Congestive heart ... failure • Cirrhosis ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Congestive heart ... failure • Cirrhosis ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
: Hypovolemia, Heart ... failure, Cirrhosis ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... renal perfusion (Heart ... failure, Cirrhosis ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hypervolemia: Congestive Heart ... Failure, Liver ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Cardiomyopathy and LV Thrombus on Echocardiogram
56yo male with shortness of breath - Severe left and right
LV Thrombus on Echocardiogram ... left and right heart ... failure, with thrombus ... #clinical #pocus ... #arc #chf
Congestive heart failure
The findings are:
 - bilateral perihilar consolidation with air bronchograms and ill-defined borders
 -
Congestive heart ... failure The findings ... failure. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #RadiologyAssistant
On the left another patient with congestive heart failure.
The lateral view nicely demonstrates the increased diameter
with congestive heart ... failure. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Peribronchial ... PeribronchialCuffing #RadiologyAssistant