12 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
1) or anatomic shunt ... Arterial blood gas (ABC ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... scanning or pulmonary ... #treatment #hepatology
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
(assumes Room Air ... Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... - Physiologic Shunt ... Disease and more • Diffusion
CPAP Troubleshooting Tips
1. Wrong size/style mask → try a different mask, nasal pillows
2. Trouble getting used
try a different mask ... tolerating forced air ... noise → check air ... Troubleshooting #Tips #management ... #problems #pulmonary
Esophageal Variceal Bleeding - Diagnosis and Management Summary
PRE-ENDOSCOPY
Vasoactive agents - Octreotide: 
 • 50mcg bolus →
Diagnosis and Management ... bolus → 50mcg/hr infusion ... portosystemic shunt ... Bleeding #Diagnosis #Management ... endoscopy #varices #hepatology
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
Nonrebreather Mask ... entrainment of room air ... Venturi Mask (venti-mask ... Delivery #FiO2 #Pulmonary ... Equipment #Devices #Management
Mask Oxygen Delivery Devices

Simple Mask aka Hudson's Mask:
 • Flow 6-10 LPM
 • FiO2 35-50%
Face Tent:
Mask Oxygen Delivery ... aka Hudson's Mask ... oxygen ambient air ... Delivery #Devices #management ... #pulmonary #criticalcare
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
HoTN, edema and effusions ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... APML #diagnosis #management ... #hematology #oncology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
specific questions to ask ... murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... indication of AC ... days before Pulmonary ... medical and surgical management
Noninvasive Ventilation Summary
Positive pressure ventilation that is delivered through a nasal, mask, or helmet interface and
through a nasal, mask ... breathing by improving pulmonary ... patients with air ... #Ventilation #management ... #pulmonary
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Disease: • 10%-15% Pulmonary ... thickening or effusion ... , INC risk PE, Pulmonary ... phenomenon (16%) MSK ... Rheumatology #Diagnosis #Management