13 results
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... anemiaCold ... malignancies - B-cell ... younger pts) Differential ... #anemia #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... (e.g. primary cold ... Hemoglobinopathies (e.g. sickle cell ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #anemia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
- Differential ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... • Sickle cell ... anemia • ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Agglutinate: Cold ... autoimmune hemolytic ... cold hemoglobinuria ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... Consider sickle cell ... Agglutination - Cold ... #Anemia #Differential
Causes of Diffuse Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Reactive:
 - Systemic Inflammatory
     •
Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Pancytopenia ... Lymphocytes) - Monoclonal ... Reed-Sternberg Cells ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology ... #Oncology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
Gammopathies C - HyperCalcemia ... 40 ml/min A - Anemia ... marrow plasma cell ... • CML, B and T cell ... #oncology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Autoimmune: Warm AIHA, Cold ... Defects: Sickle cell ... anemia, Thalassemias ... Diagnosis #hematology
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) - Summary Framework

Hematologic disorder characterized by the presence of either
No evidence of anemia ... damage, such as hyperCalcemia ... insufficiency, Anemia ... #Significance #hematology ... #diagnosis #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
bone marrow + pancytopenia ... Anticonvulsants - Gold ... number of CD34+ cells ... • Peripheral Pancytopenia ... #oncology #hematology