12 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuria, Thiazides Hypercalcemia ... intoxication #Hypercalcemia
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
(TLS) and Treatment ... other symptomatic hypocalcemia ... Treatment of TLS ... hydroxide • Hyperkalemia ... • Hypocalcemia
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential ... #Endocrinology ... #Classification
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... calcitriol induced hypercalcemia ... Infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia ... @aishaikh #Hypercalcemia
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Testing #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hyperphosphatemia • Hypocalcemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Treatment is aimed ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... malignancies Treatment ... Cancer #Oncology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
immature blasts and high ... leukapheresis - TLS ... Spontaneous if high ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... #TLS #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... Neurologic disorders