9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Poorly controlled DM ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... K intake (anorexia ... Matthew Ho, MD ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Poorly controlled DM ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #high #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... 4: Hyperkalemic ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
transfusions), ↓insulin (DM ... ) • Low K diet ... Slow - don’t delay ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
, TTKG, distal flow ... Non-Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis • Hyperosmolarity ... Decreased Na+-K+ ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology