12 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
acetaminophen dosing ... Hyperventilation (Anxiety, pain ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #VBG #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Clenching of fist during ... phlebotomy High ... #differential # ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... Potassium-sparing ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Clenching of fist during ... phlebotomy High ... #differential # ... #high #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Managment: • Pain ... retrieve stone using ... persistent severe pain ... d-Penicillamine, ascorbic acid ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... symptoms: - Muscle pain ... - Abdominal pain ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
abdomen if abdominal pain ... uric acid, high ... rasburicase if uric acid ... plasmapheresis Hypercalcemia ... renal failure, pulmonary
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Medications #Table