70 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Cushing’s syndrome ... failure • Renal ... Polyarteritis nodosa • Scleroderma ... renal crises ... • Serotonin syndrome
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes and Mimics - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
90%:
 -
Pulmonary Renal ... Complement Levels: Scleroderma ... Renal Crisis, IgA ... disease, Malignant hypertension ... AnnKumfer #Pulmonary #Renal
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Defects Fanconi Syndrome ... tubule Bartter Syndrome ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... Trousseau's • Malignant hypertension ... • Scleroderma ... renal crisis • ... anemia" • HELLP syndrome
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and signs of end-organ ... eg, presence of renal ... bruit or signs ... Renal parenchymal ... White-coat syndrome
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
• Serotonin Syndrome ... Hyperactivity: Hypertension ... SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... Psychiatry #Diagnosis #Signs
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... • Increased renal ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Pharmacological Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Midodrine - Alpha agonist incr blood pressure incr renal perfusion pressure
Pharmacological Treatment ... of Hepatorenal Syndrome ... pressure incr renal ... #HepatoRenal #Syndrome ... #Nephrology #Management
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
the existence of hypertension ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology