2830 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water Extrarenal hypotonic ... salt intake: • Hypertonic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
, Recent TURP Hypotonic ... Hypothyroidism Hypertonic ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... administration Hypertonic ... Primary polydipsia Hypotonic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Intrapartum Abnormal Fetal HR Tracing - Causes of Variability & Decelerations - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Minimal/Absent Variability
Fetal HR Tracing - Causes ... saturation • Hypertonic ... deceleration: • Hypertonic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
Causes of Hypotonic ... • Congenital Myotonic ... Myopathies #Hypotonic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Hyponatremia Hypertonic ... after infusion of Hypertonic ... including the hypertonic ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... elliptocytosis Extrinsic Causes ... Intravascular Causes ... IV infusion of hypotonic ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... vast majority of cases ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... the underlying cause
Goals and limits for treatment of Hyponatremia Stratified by duration and risk of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Syndrome (ODS) Acute Hypotonic ... mL boluses of hypertonic ... time, followed by hypertonic ... Otherwise, hypertonic ... normalization Chronic Hypotonic