12 results
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... perfringens - Complement-Mediated ... • Cold AIHA ... MAHA (TTP, DIC, HUS
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
uremic syndrome (HUS ... hemoglobinuria (PNH) Extravascular ... Autoimmune (AIHA)"Cold ... (e.g. primary cold ... #Hemolytic #Intravascular
Pathophysiology of Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis

C1q/anti-C1q antibiody ->
Immune Complex Formation - Complement Pathway Activation (C3a and C5a)
Pathophysiology of Hypocomplementemic ... Complex Formation - Complement ... TerrierBen #Hypocomplementemic ... Urticarial #Vasculitis #HUV
Causes of Hypocomplementemia - CHAMPS Mnemonic
C - Cryoglobulinemia (85%), C3 glomerulopathy, cirrhosis
H - Heavy Chain deposition
Causes of Hypocomplementemia ... A - Atypical HUS ... @AnnKumfer #Hypocomplementemia ... #Low #Complement
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune ... Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated ... Mechanism: IgM and Complement-mediated ... disorder, Mycoplasma, HIV ... BostonChiefs #Warm #Cold
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... • Compensated hemolysis ... Mycoplasma, EBV, HIV ... temperatures by fixing complement ... the RBCs causing intravascular
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

WARM AHA
- Primary - Idiopathics
- Secondary
Infectious
 • Viral- HIV, EBV, HCV, HEV
 •
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... , EBV, HCV, HEV ... alpha-methyldopa COLD ... #Autoimmune #Hemolytic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Diagnosis for Hemolytic ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... IVIG infusion Intravascular ... • MAHA: TTP, HUS ... udaygulati #Hemolytic
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Agglutination - Cold ... DIC, TTP, HELLP, HUS ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
often involved • Hypocomplementemic ... Urticaria and hypocomplementemia ... against MPO • Complement ... Cryoglobulins • HIV ... • HBV HCV •