11 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Addison's disease, Hyperthyroidism ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... PTH (High or normal ... ): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... ) • Calcium ... PTH • Secondary ... #Phosphate #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... • Sarcoidosis (elevated ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Drug-induced • High ... Endocrine • Hyperparathyroidism ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... #endocrinology ... #causes
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
1) Clinical clues ... PTH - Frankly high ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... hyperparathyroidism ... low circulating calcium ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
, hypotension, hyponatremia ... , hyperkalemia, ... insufficiency likely: • High ... baseline ACTH - Secondary ... #endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... pain • loss of secondary ... ALP -> PPi and Calcium ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Endocrine: Hypo/Hyperthyroidism ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... potassium and calcium