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diagnosis nephrology differential hyperkalemia potassium management aki atlas casts classification diuresis diuretics elevation excretion k key kidney lactate lactic microscopy
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... K+: • Tissue injury ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements: • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... preload → IV Fluids ... • If high preload ... → No specific treatment ... #Kidney #Injury
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... tubular injury ... - Up to 3 per high-power ... tubular injury ... disorders or excreted medications
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... before beginning treatment ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute ... - HIV/HAART medications
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... only if no clear cause ... STOP offending medications ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Pharmacology #Medications
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