16 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... /Bladder (Upper ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH, urethral ... poorly coapting urethra ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cancer • Urethral ... • Posterior Urethral ... #Causes #Urology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... early (distal urethra ... tract), terminal (bladder ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology
Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular

== Glomerular ==
- Glomerulonephritis 
- Thin basement membrane disease 

==
Causes of Hematuria ... malformation Ureter ... - Polyp Bladder ... Hematuria #Glomerular #Algorithm ... #Differential #Urology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... and referral to Urology ... #Workup #urology ... #blood #urine
Ureteral Stone on Renal POCUS

A 23yo male with no significant PMHx presents with acute LLQ pain,
Ureteral Stone on ... Renal POCUS ... Bladder ultrasound ... DC home (w/ op urology ... controlled, & no signs
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... Dysfunction - Imbalance, neurologic ... symptoms/signs, ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... clinical context and signs ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... #causes
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... Blockage of the Blood ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm