9 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... /Bladder (Upper ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #Workup #urology ... #blood #urine
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH, urethral ... poorly coapting urethra ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... symptoms/signs, ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology ... #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
clinical context and signs ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... Blockage of the Blood ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... paresthesia to paresis, Bladder ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Causes of Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac - Arrhythmia:
 • Tachyarrhythmia
 • Bradyarrhythmia
 • Supraventricular Tachycardia
Causes of Syncope ... Situational: • Bladder ... Effective Arterial Blood ... Defecation #Syncope #Neurology ... #Causes
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
, and bowel or bladder ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... • Infectious causes ... diagnosis #management #neurology