13 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... /SYMPTOMS: • CENTRAL ... Signs and symptoms ... objective evidence of neurologic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
level of injury, Bladder ... dysfunction, loss of bladder ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... Scleroderma, Systemic sclerosis ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes ... (anterior horn cells ... positive Romberg sign ... Incomplete #spinalcord #syndromes ... #diagnosis #neurology
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
, Mild sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... • Persistent bladder ... nervous system signs ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Other brainstem syndromes ... paresthesia to paresis, Bladder ... erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... injury - Multiple sclerosis ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... disturbance • Bladder ... palpation of the bladder ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
(Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... Multiple sclerosis ... signs or symptoms ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... finding of lateral sclerosis ... of UMN and LMN signs ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... #neurology #diagnosis