15 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... /SYMPTOMS: • CENTRAL ... Signs and symptoms ... objective evidence of neurologic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
, Mild sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... • Persistent bladder ... nervous system signs ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
level of injury, Bladder ... dysfunction, loss of bladder ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... Scleroderma, Systemic sclerosis ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH ... , urethral or bladder ... mellitus -> Bladder ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes ... (anterior horn cells ... positive Romberg sign ... Incomplete #spinalcord #syndromes ... #diagnosis #neurology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... catheterization • BPH ... Diagnosis #causes #urology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Other brainstem syndromes ... paresthesia to paresis, Bladder ... erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... injury - Multiple sclerosis ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... disturbance • Bladder ... palpation of the bladder ... diagnosis #causes #neurology