12 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... /Bladder (Upper ... Diagnosis #causes #urology ... #urine #blood
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH, urethral ... poorly coapting urethra ... unit; Decreased urethral ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Ureteral Stone on Renal POCUS

A 23yo male with no significant PMHx presents with acute LLQ pain,
Ureteral Stone on ... Renal POCUS ... Bladder ultrasound ... DC home (w/ op urology ... controlled, & no signs
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
level of injury, Bladder ... dysfunction, loss of bladder ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes ... (anterior horn cells ... positive Romberg sign ... Incomplete #spinalcord #syndromes ... #diagnosis #neurology
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
, Mild sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... • Persistent bladder ... nervous system signs ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Other brainstem syndromes ... paresthesia to paresis, Bladder ... erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
findings: • Symptoms ... and signs below ... Blockage of the Blood ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
within prostate cells ... production -> Bladder ... retention, UTIs & bladder ... Pathophysiology #Urology ... #Signs #Symptoms
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
integrity of the blood-brain ... penetrance through the blood-brain ... • Depressive symptoms ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology