1796 results
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Ttype 2 Overview

HCO3 reabsorptive failure
Lowering of threshold for HCO3 absorption in
acidification intact ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
• Increased Intake ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Inadequate water intake ... Excessive salt intake ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
• High protein intake ... • High salt intake ... • High protein intake ... • Low calcium intake ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
K release with intact ... Increased K Intake ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypodipsia - Decreased intake ... • Inadequate intake ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
polydipsia, Low solute intake ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
of bucket (low intake ... Causes #workup #nephrology
This image shows glomerular tuft with overall intact architecture. Discrete masses of specular amyloid interrupt smooth
tuft with overall intact ... SEM #clinical #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
vomiting) • Low K intake ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology