3637 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Increased Intake ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Inadequate water intake ... Excessive salt intake ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Nephrolithiasis - Differential ... • High protein intake ... • High salt intake ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Hypodipsia - Decreased intake ... • Inadequate intake ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... • Decreased intake ... Hypophosphatemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Hypokalemia - Differential ... of bucket (low intake ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Causes #workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... vomiting) • Low K intake ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
polydipsia, Low solute intake ... hyponatremia #diagnosis #differential ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... suction, Low Cl intake ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Euvolemic (Low H2O intake ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt intake ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology