13 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... sometimes advanced treatment ... class III and class ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
CHF also causes ... congestion the lungs and ... sympathetic system and ... #Pharmacology #CHF ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Pathophysiology and ... Congenital (e.g., HHT), Acquired ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... class III and class ... Treatments may include ... #Management #Cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1383-1392 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731

CONCLUSIONS:
heart failure and ... ejection fraction, treatment ... cardiovascular causes ... Spironolactone #HFpEF #dCHF ... #Cardiology #EBM
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
vast majority of cases ... Then, ask 3 questions ... the underlying cause ... include vaptans (HF ... with DDAVP may be required
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... With treatment, ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
essentially Cardiogenic Shock ... the determined cause ... algorithm #management #cardiology ... #heartfailure #chf ... icu #clinical #pharmacology
CSF Penetration of Antimicrobials

Despite the poor CSF penetration, beta-lactams have the most research documenting successful treatment
of community-acquired ... other antibiotic classes ... and tend to be ... their efficacy and ... InfectiousDiseases #Pharmacology